European Union
Treated as a single origin. The forced labour tariff is charged net of existing duty, so well protected lines pay nothing extra and low duty lines carry the whole 10%.
Elevated · 10% net of MFN into the US
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The duty stack, both directions
Every layer of duty, and the statute each one rests on. Layers marked additive stack on top of each other.
European Union → United States
10% net of MFN
Forced labour tariff charged only to the extent existing tariffs fall short of 10%. Goods already at or above 10% pay no additional duty.
Steel, aluminium and copper.
Passenger vehicles. Negotiated rate, not the 25% general rate.
Patented pharmaceuticals. Negotiated ceiling of 15%, not the 100% general rate.
United States → European Union
MFN, no blanket retaliation in force
Common customs tariff applies. Announced counter measures remain suspended pending negotiation.
The net of MFN mechanism means the effective additional burden varies line by line. Check the specific HS code rather than assuming a flat 10%.
Where this comes from, and where it could be wrongEvery statute, every document, and the limits
Every rate on this page is a headline rate set by a named statute, taken from the documents below. We do not compute duty for a shipment and this is not a customs calculation.
The statutes these rates rest on
- Section 232, Trade Expansion Act of 1962. National security. Applies by product, worldwide.
- Section 301, Trade Act of 1974. Unfair foreign practice. Applies by country, after investigation.
- Section 338, Tariff Act of 1930. Discrimination against US commerce. Applies by country and product.
- Section 122, Trade Act of 1974. Balance of payments. Applies worldwide, 150 day limit. Status: expired.
- IEEPA, International Emergency Economic Powers Act. Declared emergency. Applies worldwide. Status: struck down.
Official document
- USTR, Section 301 forced labour fact sheet
- Federal Register, Section 122 import surcharge
- Federal Register, timber and lumber amendment
- Federal Register, indefinite de minimis suspension
- White House, pharmaceuticals proclamation
- Canada, Department of Finance countermeasures
Independent research
Legal analysis, not the law itself
- Troutman Pepper, three day suspension of the Section 338 duties
- White & Case, first use of Section 338
- Skadden, trade court strikes down Section 122
- K&L Gates, Supreme Court decision on the IEEPA tariffs
- Crowell, pharmaceutical tiered rate structure
- White & Case, narrowly targeted semiconductor tariff
Where this could be wrong
- These are headline rates by statute. The rate that actually applies to a consignment is decided by its commodity code, its origin under the relevant rules of origin, and any exclusion in force on the day it lands. Two shipments from the same country can attract different duty.
- Product level exclusions, quotas and carve outs are not modelled here. Where a proclamation carves out specific subheadings we note it in the scope text, but we do not reproduce annexes.
- Layers marked additive stack. Where a measure is stayed, suspended or struck down we mark the status, but litigation moves faster than any page and a measure can be revived on appeal.
- Several of the documents above are law firm alerts. They are usually accurate and usually first, but they are a reading of the measure, not the measure. Where the two differ, the official document wins.
- If duty on your goods matters commercially, get a binding ruling from the customs authority rather than relying on this or any other summary.
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